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Are Bonuses Good Motivation - or Bad Business?

January 30th, 2009 @ 7:37 pm

Categories: Management, Motivation

Tags: Barack Obama, Wall Street, Bailout, Personal Finance, Financial Accounting, Finance, CC Holland

I read a New York Times piece this morning detailing how President Obama (gosh, I love writing that! Sorry, former McCain supporters) hit the roof when presented with the news that Wall Street bankers gave themselves nearly $20 billion in bonuses in 2008.

According to the story, Obama called the bonus tally “shameful” in light of the economic crisis — and the fact that these same bankers were the recipients of $700 billion in bailout money. His full quote:

“That is the height of irresponsibility. It is shameful. And part of what we’re going to need is for the folks on Wall Street who are asking for help to show some restraint and show some discipline and show some sense of responsibility.”

However, countered a banker friend of mine, there are two sides to this coin.  The flip side has two arguments. The first is that executive compensation is often offered in terms of a relatively low salary plus a bonus — in fact, for many in the finance world, it’s the bonus that comprises the lion’s share of compensation.

The second is that bonuses are generally awarded for meeting certain goals or requirements, or to acknowledge outstanding work. Setting aside for the moment the fact that it seems a bit disingenuous to reward financial execs for great work when Wall Street is in a shambles right now, the core idea seems to be that bonuses are good motivators as well as a reward for a job well done.

I can see both sides of the argument. But it seems to me that it’s awfully two-faced for an industry to beg $700 billion in “help me!” money, and then turn around and pay a big chunk of it out in back-slapping bonuses to the very same industry execs who got them into the pickle in the first place.

It’s especially galling to hear this after I’ve been writing about layoffs,  how people are willingly sacrificing to keep others from being laid off, and strategies for boosting morale after downsizing.

Am I being too harsh? Am I overlooking some crucial facts or insights here? I’d love to hear what you have to think.

(image by yomanimus via Flickr, CC 2.0)

CC Holland is an award-winning writer and editor whose work appears in several national publications and Web sites.

 
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  •  
    1

    Enrico Pallazzo

    02/02/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Are Bonuses Good Motivation - or Bad Business?

    I think bonuses are good, but not exorbitant ones. Of course, if I was receiving a huge bonus, I doubt I'd complain. My target bonus is a fraction of my annual pay, and I think that's fair. Having a bonus that's much more than your salary? That's questionable. However, I can see the argument for CEO types being paid based on performance. Then again, isn't that what the stock-related compensation is supposed to be for?

  •  
    2

    DerekIrvine

    02/02/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Are Bonuses Good Motivation - or Bad Business?

    You're not off-base, C.C. From all I've been reading, a fundamental problem with the bonus culture on Wall Street is the morphing of the ratio of base salary to bonus in the last few decades. Employees are paid at a very low (relatively) base compensation rate, work the expected 70-100 hour weeks, and expect to see the compensation for those efforts in the annual bonus. This is completely out of whack.

    Lori Kletzer in a New York Times blog on Bonuses v. Bailout (http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/29/bonuses-for-bad-performance/#comment-11173) summarized some of my thinking on this topic saying, "The point of employee bonuses is to tie compensation to results. ... Hence, workers get bonuses in good times, and get their 'guaranteed' salary in bad times. ... But shouldn't those workers get appropriately sized salaries without depending on bonuses?"

    Base pay should be equal to compensating for the expected workload, whether that is the standard 40-hour week or the ridiculous 100 hour week. Bonus should be just that - above and beyond compensation for those who go above and beyond their colleagues in effort. When nearly every employee receives significant bonuses, this differentiation is clearly lost.

    In terms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and how Total Rewards aligns with it, base compensation is used to fulfill physiological needs (hunger, thirst) and safety needs (home, security, protection). Variable pay and bonuses then begin to address the higher order social needs with true non-cash, strategic recognition addressing the highest needs for self esteem and self actualization.

    More on the Maslow Hierarchy/Total Rewards connection for those who are interested here: http://globoforce.blogspot.com/2008/12/no-bonus-year.html.

  •  
    3

    Karen J.

    02/02/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Are Bonuses Good Motivation - or Bad Business?

    Seems to me, there are many more than just two sides to this question ~
    So much depends on answers we don't have, to questions that apparently haven't been asked - "How many 'bankers' got these bonuses?" and "Which banks do they work for?"
    As a headline / soundbite, $20B in bonuses IS outrageous, but it makes a difference if it's going to 200 execs or 2000, only a few (if any?) of whom are at banks that actually received bailout bucks. I don't know how to find the answers, either.
    And "Why did these particular people get these bonuses? What did they do 'right', according to their contracts?" (Hello? Remember contracts?) "How much responsibility did they (each) actually have for the current mess?"
    I agree that part of the overall problem with late-20th century American capitalism has been that executives are encouraged to think like "shareholders" (focus on short-term profits) instead like good caretakers of the company. (long-range planning, and consequences down the road)
    (Sorry I don't recall where I read this - maybe you wrote it, CC?)
    One reason this is such a mess is that there are causes going back decades, and consequences going forward decades that can't / mustn't be ignored. The canceled private jet order mentioned in the NYT article means a blow for Boeing and their workers. Too many orders canceled because "It looks bad", and Boeing has to lay off more workers. Vicious-circle time!

  •  
    4

    crodgers

    02/02/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Are Bonuses Good Motivation - or Bad Business?

    I believe bonuses are an excellent base of good motivation but not at the price of the overall health of a Company. I am sorry to see that the practice of exhorbitant bonuses continues happening with these companies that are struggling and underperforming so badly. However, if what was paid out in bonuses directly relates to performance and is specific to an employment contract then there is no choice but for the company to honor. Then it becomes purely up the bonus recipient to waive or postpone the bonus until such a time that make sense for the company.

  •  
    5

    SPwrite

    02/02/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Are Bonuses Good Motivation - or Bad Business?

    Bonuses are great -- when they're reasonable and
    earned. It seems to me, however, that corporate
    America has been very busy creating an unfair,
    unearned Lord and Serf system ala the Middle Ages.
    The inequities at the top are outrageous. People use all
    sorts of arguments to justify the current system of
    enriching top management at the expense of lower
    level employees--and indeed the corporation itself,
    but the cold, hard facts are that the companies in
    question are FAILING. If you're handing out bonuses
    for accomplishment, then no one at the top should
    have received a dime. If you're handing out bonuses to
    retain your best employees, well, how good are they if
    they're captaining a failing company? Let them go! We
    have thousands of unemployed workers right now. My
    guess is that companies can find qualified people
    willing to work for six figures instead of seven. It's
    time to toss out the white collar criminals running
    corporate America. Their hands have been in America's
    pockets for too long!

  •  
    6

    eclectos

    02/02/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Are Bonuses Good Motivation - or Bad Business?

    I work at a Fortune 500 company where every single employee has between 5 and 20% of their salary withheld and paid out at the end of the year as a percentage based on the performance of the company. If the company makes a loss, we get zip. If the company makes plan, we get the amount withheld. If it beats plan, we can get up to 300% of the withholding. If Wall Street followed that plan, even if top execs had a 90% withholding, we wouldn't be complaining as they'd be getting exactly what they were worth - nothing more, nothing less. The problem is when the company loses money but they still get the bonuses.

    /eclectos..

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